Scarabaeidae

（猩红甲虫）

鞘翅目甲虫科（Scarabaeidae）是鞘翅目甲虫的一个类群。这些甲虫分布在世界各地，从热带雨林到沙漠等各种环境中都有它们的身影。全世界已知的猩红甲虫有 3 万多种，是甲虫中数量最多的种类之一。

Family Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1802

Subfamily Chironinae Blanchard, 1845
Subfamily Aegialiinae Laporte, 1840Tribe Aegialiini Laporte, 1840

• Tribe Saprinianini Nikolajev, 2011

Subfamily Eremazinae Stebnicka, 1977Tribe Eremazini Stebnicka, 1977
Subfamily Aphodiinae Leach, 1815Tribe Aphodiini Leach, 1815

• Tribe Corythoderini Schmidt, 1910
• Tribe Eupariini A. Schmidt, 1910
• Tribe Hornietiini Minkina, 2020
• Tribe Odochilini Rakovič, 1987
• Tribe Odontolochini Stebnicka & Howden, 1996
• Tribe Psammodiini Mulsant, 1842
• Tribe Rhyparini A. Schmidt, 1910
• Tribe Stereomerini Howden & Storey, 1992
• Tribe Termitoderini Tangelder & Krikken, 1982

Subfamily Aulonocneminae A. Janssens, 1946
Subfamily Termitotroginae Wasmann, 1918
Subfamily Scarabaeinae Latreille, 1802

• Tribe Ateuchini Perty, 1830
• Tribe Byrrhidiini Davis et al., 2019
• Tribe Coprini Leach, 1815
• Tribe Deltochilini Lacordaire, 1855
• Tribe Dichotomiini Pereira, 1954 P
• Tribe Endroedyolini Davis et al., 2019
• Tribe Epactoidini Rossini et al., 2022
• Tribe Epilissini van Lansberge, 1875
• Tribe Epirinini van Lansberge, 1875
• Tribe Eucraniini Burmeister, 1873
• Tribe Eurysternini Vulcano et al., 1961 H
• Tribe Gymnopleurini Streubel, 1846
• Tribe Odontolomini Davis et al., 2019
• Tribe Oniticellini Kolbe, 1905 6060
• Tribe Onitini Laporte, 1840
• Tribe Onthophagini Streubel, 1846
• Tribe Parachoriini Tarasov, 2017
• Tribe Phanaeini Hope, 1838
• Tribe Scarabaeini Latreille, 1802
• Tribe Sisyphini Mulsant, 1842

Subfamily Dynamopodinae Arrow, 1911 6161

• Tribe Dynamopodini Arrow, 1911
• Tribe Thinorycterini Semenov-Tjan-Shansky & Reichardt, 1925

Subfamily Phaenomeridinae Erichson, 1847
Subfamily Orphninae Erichson, 1847Tribe Aegidiini Paulian, 1984

• Tribe Orphnini Erichson, 1847

Subfamily Allidiostomatinae Arrow, 1940
Subfamily Aclopinae Blanchard, 1850

• Tribe Aclopini Blanchard, 1850
• Tribe Phaenognathini Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1977

Subfamily Melolonthinae Leach, 1819

• Tribe Acomini Evans & Smith, 2020
• Tribe Ardellini Paulsen, 2021
• Tribe Athliini Smith & Evans, 2018
• Tribe Chasmatopterini Lacordaire, 1855
• Tribe Chnaunanthini Evans & Smith, 2020
• Tribe Colymbomorphini Blanchard, 1850
• Tribe Comophini Britton, 1978
• Tribe Dichelonychini Burmeister, 1855
• Tribe Diphycerini S.I. Medvedev, 1952
• Tribe Diplotaxini W. Kirby, 1837
• Tribe Euchirini Hope, 1841
• Tribe Heptophyllini S.I. Medvedev, 1951
• Tribe Hopliini Latreille, 1829
• Tribe Langbianellini Prokofiev, 2015
• Tribe Leucopholini Burmeister, 1855
• Tribe Lichniini Burmeister, 1844
• Tribe Macrodactylini W. Kirby, 1837
• Tribe Melolonthini Leach, 1819
• Tribe Pachypodini Erichson, 1840
• Tribe Pachytrichini Burmeister, 1855
• Tribe Phobetusini Evans & Smith, 2020
• Tribe Phyllotocidiini Britton, 1957
• Tribe Rhizotrogini Burmeister, 1855
• Tribe Schizonychini Burmeister, 1855
• Tribe Systellopini Sharp, 1877
• Tribe Tanyproctini Erichson, 1847
• Tribe Warwickiini Evans & Smith, 2020

Subfamily Sericinae W. Kirby, 1837

• Tribe Ablaberini Blanchard, 1850
• Tribe Diphucephalini Laporte, 1840
• Tribe Sericini W. Kirby, 1837

Subfamily Sericoidinae Erichson, 1847

• Tribe Automoliini Britton, 1978
• Tribe Heteronychini Lacordaire, 1855
• Tribe Liparetrini Burmeister, 1855
• Tribe Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855
• Tribe Phyllotocini Burmeister, 1855
• Tribe Scitalini Britton, 1957
• Tribe Sericoidini Erichson, 1847

Subfamily Oncerinae J.L. LeConte, 1861
Subfamily Podolasiinae Howden, 1997
Subfamily Rutelinae W.S. MacLeay, 1819

• Tribe Adoretini Burmeister, 1844
• Tribe Alvarengiini Frey, 1975
• Tribe Anatistini Lacordaire, 1855
• Tribe Anomalini Streubel, 1839 [NP]
• Tribe Anoplognathini W.S. MacLeay, 1819
• Tribe Geniatini Burmeister, 1844
• Tribe Rutelini W.S. MacLeay, 1819

Subfamily Dynastinae W.S. MacLeay, 1819

• Tribe Agaocephalini Burmeister, 1847
• Tribe Cyclocephalini Laporte, 1840
• Tribe Dynastini W.S. MacLeay, 1819 6969
• Tribe Hexodontini Lacordaire, 1855
• Tribe Oryctini Mulsant, 1842
• Tribe Oryctoderini Endrödi, 1966
• Tribe Pentodontini Mulsant, 1842
• Tribe Phileurini Burmeister, 1847

Subfamily Cetoniinae Leach, 1815 7070

• Tribe Cetoniini Leach, 1815
• Tribe Cremastocheilini Burmeister & Schaum, 1841
• Tribe Cryptodontini Lacordaire, 1855 H
• Tribe Diplognathini Burmeister, 1842
• Tribe Goliathini Latreille, 1829
• Tribe Gymnetini W. Kirby, 1827
• Tribe Incini Burmeister, 1842
• Tribe Osmodermatini Schenkling, 1922
• Tribe Phaedimini Schoch, 1894 H
• Tribe Platygeniini Krikken, 1984
• Tribe Schizorhinini Burmeister, 1842
• Tribe Stenotarsiini Kraatz, 1880
• Tribe Taenioderini Mikšić, 1976
• Tribe Trichiini Fleming, 1821
• Tribe Valgini Mulsant, 1842
• Tribe Xiphoscelidini Burmeister, 1842

猩甲虫科的特点是形状、大小和颜色多种多样。它们的体型大小不一，小的只有 2 毫米，有些犀甲虫甚至长达 16 厘米。这些甲虫通常身体强壮，有坚固的外骨骼，可以抵御天敌。头部有两对触角和一个强有力的口器。

猩红甲虫科中最著名的代表是犀角甲虫（Dynastinae 亚科），它们因头部或胸部长有类似角的特征而闻名。

猩红甲虫科在生态学上非常重要，因为许多种类都是有机物的分解者。蜣螂尤其以将动物粪便团成球状并带入洞穴而闻名。通过这种方式，它们可以帮助回收养分，保持土壤肥力。

有些蜣螂还具有重要的文化价值。例如，在地中海地区发现的神圣的猩甲虫（Scarabaeus sacer）在古埃及被尊崇为再生和复活的象征。

如今，一些甲虫物种面临着与人类活动有关的威胁，如自然栖息地遭到破坏或农业中使用杀虫剂。因此，必须对这些甲虫种群进行研究和监测，以便采取适当的保护措施，确保它们未来的生存。